Zero conditional
When we talk about things that are generally or always true, we can use:
যখন আমরা এমন জিনিসগুলির বিষয়ে কথা বলি যা সাধারণত বা সর্বদা সত্য, তখন আমরা ব্যবহার করতে পারি:
If/When/Unless + a present form + present simple or imperative
- If he gets there before me, ask him to wait.
যদি সে আমার আগে সেখানে আসে, তাকে অপেক্ষা করতে বলুন।
- When you fly budget airline, you have to pay for your drinks and snacks.
আপনি যখন বাজেট এয়ারলাইন ফ্লাইট করেন, তখন আপনাকে আপনার পানীয় এবং স্ন্যাকসের জন্য অর্থ প্রদান করতে হবে।
Note: we are not talking about a specific event but something which is generally true.
- Unless you need more space, a small car is big enough for one person.
Note: we are not talking about a specific event but something which is generally true.
মনে রাখবেন যে আমরা একটি নির্দিষ্ট ঘটনা সম্পর্কে কথা বলছি না কিন্তু এমন কিছু যা সাধারণত সত্য।
In the condition clause, we can use a variety of present forms. In the result clause, there can only be the present simple or imperative.
If you visit London, go on the London Eye.
If unemployment is rising, people tend to stay in their present jobs.
If you've done that, go and have a coffee.
In the condition clause, we can use a variety of present forms. In the result clause, there can only be the present simple or imperative.
If you visit London, go on the London Eye.
If unemployment is rising, people tend to stay in their present jobs.
If you've done that, go and have a coffee.
যদি আপনি এটি করে থাকেন, যান এবং একটি কফি খান .
When you go on holiday, take plenty of sun cream. It'll be very hot.
When I'm concentrating, please don't make so much noise.
When I've finished an article, I always ask Kate to read it through.
Notice that 'unless' means the same as 'if not'.
'unless' মানে 'যদি না' এর মতই।
Unless he asks you politely, refuse to do any more work on the project.
Unless prices are rising, it's not a good investment.
Unless you've been there yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is.
নিজে না থাকলে, সত্যিই বুঝতে পারবেন না এটি কতটা চমত্কার।
We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
The first conditional
We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
ভবিষ্যতে ঘটতে পারে এমন ঘটনা সম্পর্কে কথা বলার জন্য আমরা First Conditional ব্যবহার করি।
If we take Abu , he'll be really pleased.
If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.
If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them.
যদি তারা আমাদের বলে যে তারা এটা চায়, আমাদের তাদের দিতে হবে।
If Mary comes, she'll want to drive.
The 'if' clause can be used with different present form.
If I go to Dhaka again, I'll buy you a bag from the new market.
If he's feeling better, he'll come.
If she hasn't heard the bad news yet, I'll tell her.
The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'.
If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am.
If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money.
The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'.
If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's.
If he comes, you can get a lift home with him.
The Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' situations.
If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park.
If I had millions dollars, I'd give a lot to charity.
If there were no hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place.
If everyone had clean water to drink, there would be a lot less disease.
Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' .)
If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be looking for another one.
If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day.
If they were to enter our market, we'd have big problems.
Note the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.
If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.
If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more qualifications.
The Second Conditional is also used to talk about 'unlikely' situations.
If I went to China, I'd visit the Great Wall.
If I was the President, I'd reduce taxes.
If you were in my position, you'd understand.
Note that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts. Compare these examples. Otto thinks these things are possible, Peter doesn't.
Abu-- If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house.
Kamal – If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house.
Abu-- If I get promoted, I'll throw a big party.
Kamal – If I got promoted, I'd throw a big party.
Abu – If my team wins the Cup, I'll buy champagne for everybody.
Kamal – If my team won the Cup, I'd buy champagne for everybody.
Note that the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous.
If I was still working in Brighton, I would commute by train.
If she were coming, she would be here by now.
If they were thinking of selling, I would want to buy.
Note that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might.
If I had the chance to do it again, I would do it differently.
If we met up for lunch, we could go to that new restaurant.
If I spoke to him directly, I might be able to persuade him.
Also note that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.
What would I do without you? ("if you weren't here")
Where would I get one at this time of night? ("if I wanted one")
He wouldn't agree. ("if I asked him")
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades.
If I had had time, I would have gone to see him. But I didn't have time.
If we had bought that house, we would have had to rebuild the kitchen.
If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.
Notice that the main clause can contain 'would', 'could' or 'might.
If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (But he wasn't there so I didn't.)
If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have asked him. (But he wasn't there so it wasn't possible.)
If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him. (But I'm not sure. Perhaps if the opportunity had arisen.)
If I had paid more attention in class, I would have understood the lesson.
Also notice that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.
I'd have done it. ("If you had asked me but you didn't.")
I wouldn't have said that. ("If I'd been there.")
He wouldn't have let him get away with that. ("If he had tried that with me.")
If we take Abu , he'll be really pleased.
If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.
If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them.
যদি তারা আমাদের বলে যে তারা এটা চায়, আমাদের তাদের দিতে হবে।
If Mary comes, she'll want to drive.
The 'if' clause can be used with different present form.
If I go to Dhaka again, I'll buy you a bag from the new market.
If he's feeling better, he'll come.
If she hasn't heard the bad news yet, I'll tell her.
The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'.
If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am.
If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money.
The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'.
If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's.
If he comes, you can get a lift home with him.
Second conditional
The Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' situations.
If we were in London today, we would be able to go to the concert in Hyde Park.
If I had millions dollars, I'd give a lot to charity.
If there were no hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place.
If everyone had clean water to drink, there would be a lot less disease.
Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' .)
If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be looking for another one.
If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day.
If they were to enter our market, we'd have big problems.
Note the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.
If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.
If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more qualifications.
The Second Conditional is also used to talk about 'unlikely' situations.
If I went to China, I'd visit the Great Wall.
If I was the President, I'd reduce taxes.
If you were in my position, you'd understand.
Note that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts. Compare these examples. Otto thinks these things are possible, Peter doesn't.
Abu-- If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house.
Kamal – If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house.
Abu-- If I get promoted, I'll throw a big party.
Kamal – If I got promoted, I'd throw a big party.
Abu – If my team wins the Cup, I'll buy champagne for everybody.
Kamal – If my team won the Cup, I'd buy champagne for everybody.
Note that the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous.
If I was still working in Brighton, I would commute by train.
If she were coming, she would be here by now.
If they were thinking of selling, I would want to buy.
Note that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might.
If I had the chance to do it again, I would do it differently.
If we met up for lunch, we could go to that new restaurant.
If I spoke to him directly, I might be able to persuade him.
Also note that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.
What would I do without you? ("if you weren't here")
Where would I get one at this time of night? ("if I wanted one")
He wouldn't agree. ("if I asked him")
Third conditional
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.
If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades.
If I had had time, I would have gone to see him. But I didn't have time.
If we had bought that house, we would have had to rebuild the kitchen.
If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.
Notice that the main clause can contain 'would', 'could' or 'might.
If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (But he wasn't there so I didn't.)
If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have asked him. (But he wasn't there so it wasn't possible.)
If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him. (But I'm not sure. Perhaps if the opportunity had arisen.)
If I had paid more attention in class, I would have understood the lesson.
Also notice that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.
I'd have done it. ("If you had asked me but you didn't.")
I wouldn't have said that. ("If I'd been there.")
He wouldn't have let him get away with that. ("If he had tried that with me.")
