First the good news: There are only three articles in English: a, an and the.
দুই ধরনের Articles অনির্দিষ্ট 'a' এবং 'an' বা নির্দিষ্ট 'the'। কোন Articles কখন ব্যবহার করবেন না তাও আপনাকে জানতে হবে।
The bad news is that their proper use is complex, especially when you get into the advanced use of English.
খারাপ খবর হল তাদের সঠিক ব্যবহার জটিল, বিশেষ করে যখন আপনি advanced use of English. ব্যবহারে যান।
.A এবং an হল অনির্দিষ্ট articles। তারা এমন কিছু উল্লেখ করে যার সাথে আপনি বিশেষভাবে পরিচিত নয়।
2.You use an when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)
A and an are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you have not mentioned before:-
For example:
I saw an elephant this morning.
I ate a banana for lunch.
আমি দুপুরের খাবারের জন্য একটি কলা খেয়েছি।
For example
I am an English teacher." "আমি একজন ইংরেজি শিক্ষক।"
"I am a builder.""আমি একজন নির্মাতা।"
We say "university" with a "y" sound at the beginning as though it were spelt "youniversity".
So, "a university" IS correct.
So, "an hour" IS correct.
Pronunciation changes this rule. It's the sound that matters, not the spelling.
উচ্চারণ এই নিয়ম পরিবর্তন করে। শব্দটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, বানান নয়।
- If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it, for example, "university" then we use a.
- If the next word begins with a vowel sound when we say it, for example "hour" then we use an.
There are two ways to pronounce "the" .One "thuh" and the other "thee". Strong pronunciation
We use the when we know that the listener knows or can work out what particular person/thing you are talking about.
For example:
We should also use the when we have already mentioned the thing we are talking about.
For example:
She's got two children; a girl and a boy. The girl's eight and the boy's fourteen."
তার দুটি সন্তান আছে; একটি মেয়ে এবং একটি ছেলে। মেয়ের আট আর ছেলের চোদ্দ।"
We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe.
For example:
The North Pole, the equator উত্তর মেরু, বিষুবরেখা
We use the to talk about rivers, oceans and seas
the Nile, the Pacific, the English channel নীল নদ, প্রশান্ত মহাসাগর,ইংলিশ চ্যানেল
We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing.
For example:
the rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, the White House etc.. বৃষ্টি, সূর্য, বাতাস, পৃথিবী, পৃথিবী, হোয়াইট হাউস ইত্যাদি।
However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use a/an.
For example:
- I could hear the wind." / "There's a cold wind blowing.
- What are your plans for the future? "She has a promising future ahead of her.
The is also used to say that a particular person or thing being mentioned is the best, most famous, etc. In this use, 'the' is usually given strong pronunciation:
For example:
- Harry's Bar is the place to go.
- You don't mean you met the Tony Blair, do you?
Note - The doesn't mean all:-
For example:
- The books are expensive. = (Not all books are expensive, just the ones I'm talking about.)
- Books are expensive." = (All books are expensive.)
We usually use no article to talk about things in general:-
Inflation is rising.
People are worried about rising crime. (Note! People generally, so no article)
You do not use an article when talking about sports.
For example:
My son plays football.
Tennis is expensive.
You do not use an article before uncountable nouns when talking about them generally.
For example:
Information is important to any organization.
Coffee is bad for you.
You do not use an article before the names of countries except where they indicate multiple areas or contain the words (state(s), kingdom, republic, union). Kingdom, state, republic and union are nouns, so they need an article.
For example:
No article - Italy, Mexico, Bolivia, England
Multiple areas! the Netherlands, the Philippines, the British Isles